绿奴天花板

Simon Schuler is tracking down answers to one of life鈥檚 biggest questions: Where do the building blocks of life originate from?

鈥淯nderstanding who we are as humans, what is our place in the universe 鈥� that鈥檚 what鈥檚 always drawn me to astronomy. It鈥檚 humbling,鈥� said Schuler, associate chair of the Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Physics and associate professor of physics.

Schuler is one step closer to that understanding. He鈥檚 part of a team of astrophysicists attempting to put a birth date on a group of about 500 stars that goes back 100 million years. The underlying goal is to better understand how the galaxy has evolved over the past 13 billion years.

With data from Gaia, a European space telescope that has been observing up to a billion stars in our galaxy since 2013, measuring their positions and motions to a precision that鈥檚 never been done before, the team has an opportunity to identify stars that may be separated in the sky but appear to be moving together through the galaxy.听

鈥淭hat suggests that at some point they were probably closer together in previous history and potentially actually formed together and have just separated throughout time,鈥� Schuler said.

For the last year, Schuler鈥檚 team has been examining Theia 456, one of 8,292 recently discovered linear stellar streams 鈥� a linear pattern of stars believed to once have been a more common spherical cluster and gradually stretched apart by tidal forces 鈥� in the Milky Way. 听听

鈥淚f we can find these groups of stars that have formed together and now have dispersed throughout the galaxy, that certainly tells us something about galactic dynamics 鈥� how things in the galaxy interact with each other over time 鈥� and how the galaxy has changed over time, which leads back to how has the galaxy formed and how has it evolved through time to be what it is we see today,鈥� Schuler said.

Schuler is joined by a team of experts in galactic structures and dynamics, and stellar populations, that includes Jeff Andrews, Northwestern University; Marcel Ag眉eros and Jason Curtis of Columbia University; Julio Chanam茅 of Pontifica Universidad Catolica, and Kevin Covey and Marina Kounkel of Western Washington University. The team shared their preliminary findings at the January meeting of the American Astronomical Society.

Schuler鈥檚 expertise is in high-resolution spectroscopy, which he uses to determine the composition of stars and thus, if stars in the linear stream are made up of the same DNA per se.

鈥淲e can combine the kinematic, or motion, data of the stars across the sky and the composition of the stars and if we find the compositions are the same or very similar, that is a strong argument that these stars, which are now spread out on the sky, once formed together in a cluster,鈥� Schuler said.

Using Newtonian physics (utilizing the laws of motion and gravitation), the team found that 60 million years ago the stars in Theia 456 were much closer in the sky, suggesting they started out as a cluster. Now, they are running the clock forward to see what they鈥檒l look like in 100 million years to see if they鈥檒l be dispersed across the sky.

鈥淭his one is special because it looks like we鈥檙e catching it in the act of being torn apart,鈥� Schuler said.听

With the help of two 绿奴天花板 grants 鈥� the Summer Undergraduate Research Fellowship and the Research Innovation and Scholarly Excellence (RISE) award 鈥� Schuler has worked with 绿奴天花板 interns in several capacities, most recently with seniors Brolan Jennings and Trevor Kattenberg. For the last two years, Jennings has manipulated code (from team member Jeff Andrews) from searching for binary stars (two stars that are orbiting each other 鈥� formed together and gravitationally bound together) to searching for these moving group stars.

鈥淗e鈥檚 done an amazing job modifying the code, with Jeff鈥檚 help, implementing the code on computers here at 绿奴天花板, and now Trevor is applying the code to Theia 456,鈥� Schuler said.听

Trevor Kattenberg 鈥�21, a double major in physics and economics, chose to intern with Schuler after hearing from friends that Schuler was a great research mentor, which has proven to be true. The hands-on skills Kattenberg has gained in the internship he said will help him on his career path of becoming a risk analyst.

鈥淭he research with moving groups has impacted me academically by allowing me to better interpret and manipulate data,鈥� said Kattenberg.

For Schuler, the research is all about the big picture.

鈥淭here are lots of areas of physics that have practical applications and a lot of areas of physics that produce results, produce discoveries, new technology that really help people. Of course that鈥檚 important 鈥� that鈥檚 a very noble cause. But for me, what it鈥檚 been about is what鈥檚 beyond human,鈥� Schuler said. 鈥淎stronomy for me has nothing to do with human beings. The universe is going to exist whether we do or not, and so understanding that universe helps us understand our place in it.鈥�

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